RESUMEN: Cada vez se presta más atención a la contaminación del aire en la salud respiratoria, particularmente, en relación con los días de neblina. En consecuencia la exposición al humo del cigarrillo aumenta la toxicidad de los contaminantes comunes del aire, lo que además aumenta la complejidad de las enfermedades respiratorias. Aunque existen varios mecanismos involucrados en las enfermedades respiratorias causadas o empeoradas por el tabaquismo, en las que el papel de las AQP en el pulmón respecto a la homeostasis de líquidos sigue siendo difícil de alcanzar. En este artículo, copiamos los modelos de rata basados en el generador de humo e investigamos los cambios morfológicos de la mucosa y las funciones relacionadas según el equilibrio del líquido de revestimiento de los alvéolos a través de la expresión de AQP. En comparación con el grupo normal, se detectó claramente un etiquetado débil de la abundancia de proteínas AQP1 y AQP5 en la parte correspondiente de los grupos de exposición al humo en comparación con el grupo control. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que la contribución de las AQP en el pulmón está disminuida, provocando así un equilibrio perturbado entre la homeostasis del líquido secretor y de reabsorción bajo el hábito de fumar cigarrillos.

SUMMARY: A great deal of attention of air pollution on respiratory health is increasing, particularly in relation to haze days. It is that exposure to cigarette smoke augments the toxicity of common air contaminants, thereby increasing the complexity of respiratory diseases. Although there are various mechanisms involved to respiratory diseases caused or worsen by cigarette smoking, in which the role of AQPs in the lung with regard to fluid homeostasis still remains elusive. In this paper, we copied the rat models based on smoke generator, and investigated the morphological changes of mucosa and related functions depending on the balance of lining liquid of alveoli via AQPs expression. Compared with normal group, weak labelling of AQP1 and AQP5 protein abundance were clearly detected in the corresponding part of smoke exposure groups compared with normal group. Hence, it is suggested that the contribution of AQPs in the lung is diminished, thereby causing perturbed balancing between resorptive and secretory fluid homeostasis under cigarette smoking.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The triple jump technique is one of the techniques of the most difficult sport in athletics, requiring extremely high physical qualities such as muscular strength, explosive power, and coordination capacity of athletes. Training its young practitioners should prioritize the specific teaching of sports techniques and the prevention of injuries intrinsic to the sport. Objective: Promote preventive interventions in training young triple jump athletes. Methods: The research method was used with interviews with athletes, coaches, and specialists. A statistical analysis was performed to identify the most relevant injuries in the sport. A protocol of preventive activities to be added to the athletes’ training was elaborated through the data obtained. Results: A survey of young triple jumpers in sports schools in some cities in Province A found that there were 62 junior triple jumpers, of which 48 had injuries, the injury rate was 77.4%, and the injury rate of junior triple jumpers was relatively high, mainly in the knee. After analyzing the factors that cause sports injuries, it is shown that by rationalizing the training plan for the triple jump and the scientific content of training, athletes gradually increase their adaptability and self-protective ability to the influence of external factors, mastering the methods of prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries of the knee. Conclusion: The preventive interventions presented allow triple jump athletes to maintain their best competitive state and create competitive results at the professional level. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La técnica del triple salto es una de las técnicas deportivas más difíciles del atletismo, ya que requiere cualidades físicas muy elevadas como la fuerza muscular, la potencia explosiva y la capacidad de coordinación de los atletas. La formación de sus jóvenes practicantes debe priorizar tanto la enseñanza específica de las técnicas deportivas como la prevención de las lesiones intrínsecas del deporte. Objetivo: Promover intervenciones preventivas en el entrenamiento de jóvenes atletas de triple salto. Métodos: Se utilizó el método de investigación con entrevistas a atletas, entrenadores y especialistas. Se elaboró un análisis estadístico para identificar las lesiones más relevantes en el deporte. A través de los datos obtenidos, se elaboró un protocolo de actividades preventivas a añadir en el entrenamiento de los deportistas. Resultados: Una encuesta realizada a jóvenes saltadores de triple en escuelas deportivas de algunas ciudades de la provincia A reveló que había 62 saltadores de triple junior, de los cuales 48 tenían lesiones, la tasa de lesiones era del 77,4%, y la tasa de lesiones de los saltadores de triple junior era relativamente alta, principalmente en la rodilla. Después de analizar los factores que causan las lesiones deportivas, se demuestra que al racionalizar el plan de entrenamiento del triple salto y el contenido científico del entrenamiento, los atletas aumentan gradualmente su capacidad de adaptación y autoprotección a la influencia de los factores externos, dominando los métodos de prevención y rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas de rodilla. Conclusión: Las intervenciones preventivas presentadas permiten a los atletas de triple salto mantener su mejor estado competitivo y crear resultados de competición a nivel profesional. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A técnica do salto triplo é uma das técnicas esportivas mais difíceis do atletismo, requerendo qualidades físicas extremamente elevadas como força muscular, poder explosivo e capacidade de coordenação dos atletas. O treinamento de seus jovens praticantes deve priorizar tanto o ensino específico das técnicas esportivas quanto a prevenção de lesões intrínsecas do esporte. Objetivo: Fomentar intervenções preventivas no treinamento de jovens atletas praticantes de salto triplo. Métodos: Utilizou-se o método de pesquisa com entrevistas entre atletas, treinadores e especialistas. Uma análise estatística foi elaborada para levantar as lesões mais relevantes ao esporte. Através dos dados obtidos, foi elaborado um protocolo de atividades preventivas a serem adicionadas no treinamento dos esportistas. Resultados: Uma pesquisa com jovens saltadores triplos em escolas esportivas de algumas cidades da Província A constatou que havia 62 saltadores triplos juniores, dos quais 48 tinham lesões, a taxa de lesões era de 77,4%, e a taxa de lesões dos saltadores triplos juniores era relativamente alta, principalmente no joelho. Após analisar os fatores que causam lesões esportivas, mostra-se que, racionalizando o plano de treinamento do salto triplo e o conteúdo científico do treinamento, os atletas aumentam gradualmente sua adaptabilidade e capacidade de autoproteção à influência de fatores externos, dominando os métodos de prevenção e reabilitação das lesões esportivas do joelho. Conclusão: As intervenções preventivas apresentadas permitem que os atletas do salto triplo mantenham seu melhor estado competitivo e criem resultados de competição a nível profissional. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract We aimed to establish a method for the rapid identification of three common Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Micrococcus luteus) associated with foodborne diseases. MALDI-TOF-MS was used to determine the effects of sample pretreatment, culture medium, and culture time on the identification results. Then, MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS was used to establish an optimized method and further explore the effects of culture time on secondary proteins. Among the three sample pretreatment methods, formic acid extraction outperformed direct transfer and extended direct transfer, resulting in more protein peaks and higher peak intensity in B. cereus culture samples. However, with different culture times (1–7 d), ion peaks of all bacterial proteins were relatively stable according to MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS data. The protein peaks of B. cereus (1430 m/z), L. monocytogenes (2100 m/z), and M. luteus (2140 m/z) were split into small ion peaks at 1162, 1465, and 1625 m/z, respectively. After 7 d of culture, the secondary spectra, peak intensities, and peak values of formic acid-treated samples were relatively stable, indicating that secondary protein peaks were less affected by culture time. It provides a new approach for the routine identification and market supervision of food safety in China.

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the clinical efficacy of VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with swallowing function training for patients with dysphagia following an acute stroke. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with dysphagia following an acute stroke were admitted to our hospital and were further divided into two groups using prospective research methods. There were 36 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional medical treatment and swallowing function training while the experimental group received conventional medical treatment and VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with swallowing function training. RESULTS: The overall response rate of the experimental group (94.44%) was higher than that of the control group (77.78%), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the upward and forward movement speeds of the hyoid bone, anterior movement speed, the grading score of the Kubota drinking water test, Caiteng’s grading score, serum superoxide dismutase, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and norepinephrine levels, Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, and multiple quality of life scores of the two groups showed improvement after treatment. While the standard swallowing assessment score, serum malondialdehyde level, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score decreased, the aforementioned indices showed a significant improvement in the experimental group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with swallowing function is effective for treating dysphagia following an acute stroke. It can effectively improve swallowing, neurological, and limb motor functions, reduce complications, promote physical recovery, and improve overall quality of life of patients.

Introducing a hybrid xanthene as a fluorophore, an ‘ensemble’-based fluorescent sensor (E)-2-(6-(diethylamino)-2-((2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid (a) was designed and synthesised for detection of cysteine. Cysteine can release CuII ion from the non-fluorescent a-CuII complex. Then hydrolytic cleavage of Schiff base a produces a pink fluorescent compound 2-(6-(diethylamino)-2-formyl-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid (2). We call this process a fluorescence off-on change. An obvious color change from purple a to pink 2 can be easily observed by the naked-eye. The calibration curve showed that the fluorescence intensity at 560 nm linearly increased over the cysteine concentration range of 0.379-100 µmol L-1 with a limit of detection of 0.379 µmol L-1. Sensor a-CuII displayed excellent selectivity for cysteine, even homocysteine and glutathione did not show influence. The sensor was also used for detecting cysteine in human breast adenocarcinoma cells, which illustrates the practical value. Overall, the sensor appears to be useful for rapid, convenient and selective cysteine detection in living tissues.

The single-phase polycrystalline copper oxide (Cu2O) films were prepared on sapphire substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technology which was characterized by low cost and high efficiency. The influences of oxygen flow rate on physical characteristics of the prepared films were investigated. The XRD results showed that the single-phase Cu2O film exhibited a (110) preferred orientation through the analysis of texture coefficient. The AFM images exhibited that the prepared Cu2O film had the highest surface roughness with a distinctive quadrangular surface morphology. The optical transmittance of the single-phase Cu2O film was under 35% and the band gap energy was calculated to be 2.30 eV, the absorption spectra included the peak wavelength of solar radiation and the high absorptivity made it to be a suitable absorbing material. The Hall measurement indicated that all the samples exhibited p-type conductivity. The resistivity, mobility and carrier concentration of the single-phase Cu2O film was 4625 Ω·cm, 1.87 cm2/v·s and 7.227×1014 cm−3, respectively.

Osteoblast differentiation is an effective way to promote bone formation. Long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) has been identified as a crucial modulator of multiple biological processes. This study was designed to investigate the function of TUG1 in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells hFOB1.19. In this study, we found that TUG1 promoted hFOB1.19 cell proliferation, while TUG1 knockdown hindered cell proliferation. TUG1 and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) were upregulated, while miR-545-3p was down-regulated in hFOB1.19 cells undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. TUG1 induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers. TUG1 was a sponge of miR-545-3p and regulated osteoblastic differentiation by modulating miR-545-3p. Moreover, miR-545-3p directly targeted CNR2 and restored the effect of CNR2 on osteoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, TUG1 accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by sponging miR-545-3p and increasing CNR2 expression, which might provide a new biomarker for bone diseases.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a high prevalence in patients with pancreatic cancer (PaC), but the prognostic value of DM in PaC remains controversial. Alterations of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) contribute to multidrug resistance and intestinal metabolism in a variety of cancer types, which may be implicated in DM development. This study aimed to explore the potential prognostic value of P-gp and CYP3A4 in PaC patients in the context of DM through long-term follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with PaC admitted at The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, from January 2011 to November 2019 and identified two cohorts of adult patients with PaC, including 24 with DM and 24 without DM (non-DM). The baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. Immunohistochemistry showed that protein expression of P-gp, but not CYP3A, in duodenum tissues was significantly upregulated in PaC patients with DM compared with those without DM. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed that the survival of patients with PaC and DM/high expression of P-gp was not significantly reduced compared with that of patients without DM/low expression of P-gp. These findings suggested that P-gp expression levels were different in the DM and non-DM groups of patients with PaC, but DM and duodenal P-gp levels were not associated with the long-term survival of patients with PaC. It appears that the presence of DM or P-gp expression levels may not serve as effective prognostic markers for PaC.

In this work, we reported the effects of sputtering power on the structure, optical and electrical properties of InN nanodots prepared on Al2O3 substrate by magnetron sputtering.The results showed that the as-grown InN films exhibited uniform nanodot morphology and the size of the InN nano grains increased with the sputtering power was increased. The InN nanodot exhibited highly c-axis prefered orientation with mainly InN (002) diffraction. The optical band gap of InN samples showed an decreasing trend with the increase in sputteirng power. Moreover, the electrical properties of the InN samples were discussed in detail by hall effect and the carrier concentration and mobility could be adjusted from 3.233×1019 to 1.655×1020 cm-3 and 1.151 to 10.101 cm2/v•s, respectively. These results will lay a good fundation for the applicaion of InN material in the field of gas sensers and light emitting diodes.

Resumo Fundamento: Estudos relataram maior mortalidade após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RVM) em pacientes com stent. Objetivo: Avaliar marcadores inflamatórios em células do sangue periférico e em amostras de tecido de artéria coronária obtidas durante cirurgia de RVM em pacientes com stent e compará-los aos de controles. Métodos: A casuística consistiu de dois grupos, um com prévia implantação de stent (n = 41) e um controle (n = 26). Em células do sangue periférico coletadas no pré-operatório, analisou-se a expressão dos seguintes genes: LIGHT, IL-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF, IFNG. A artéria coronária foi avaliada por imuno-histoquímica para: interleucina-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF-alfa e IFN-gama. No total, 176 amostras de tecido arterial coronariano foram assim agrupadas para análise: A1- artérias com stent (n = 38); A2- artérias nativas de paciente com stent em outra artéria (n = 68); e A3- artérias de controles sem stent submetidos a cirurgia de RVM de rotina (n = 70). Adotou-se o nível de significância de 0,05. Results: Pacientes com stent apresentaram maior expressão do gene TNF (p = 0,03) e menor do CD40 (p = 0,01) em células do sangue periférico do que controles sem stent. Nas amostras de artéria coronária, a coloração da proteína TNF-alfa foi maior no grupo A1, não apenas na camada médio-intimal (5,16 ± 5,05 vs 1,90 ± 2,27; p = 0,02), mas também no tecido adiposo (6,69 ± 3,87 vs 2,27 ± 4,00; p < 0,001). Além disso, o grupo A1 apresentou maior coloração para interleucina-6 no tecido adiposo do que o grupo A3 (p = 0,04). Conclusão: Observou-se expressão sistêmica de TNF persistentemente maior em associação com produção local exacerbada de TNF-alfa e IL-6 em pacientes com stent. Isso pode contribuir para pior desfecho clínico.

Abstract Background: Studies have pointed out a higher mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in patients with stent. Objective: To evaluate inflammatory markers in peripheral blood cells and in coronary artery tissue samples obtained during CABG in patients with stent compared to controls. Methods: The case series consisted of two groups, one with previous stent implantation (n = 41) and one control (n = 26). The expression of the LIGHT, IL-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF, IFNG genes was analyzed in peripheral blood cells collected preoperatively. The coronary artery was evaluated for: interleukin-6, ICAM, VCAM, CD40, NFKB, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma by immunohistochemistry. A total of 176 tissue samples were grouped for analysis in: A1- arteries with stent (n = 38); A2- native arteries from patients with stent in another artery (n = 68); and A3- arteries without stent from controls undergoing routinely CABG surgery (n = 70). A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results: Patients with stent showed higher TNF (p = 0.03) and lower CD40 gene expression (p = 0.01) in peripheral blood cells than controls without stent. In coronary artery samples, the TNF-alpha protein staining was higher in the group A1, not only in the intima-media layer (5.16 ± 5.05 vs 1.90 ± 2.27; p = 0.02), but also in the adipose tissue (6.69 ± 3.87 vs 2.27 ± 4.00; p < 0.001). Furthermore, group A1 had a higher interleukin-6 protein staining in adipose tissue than group A3 (p = 0.04). Conclusion: We observed a persistently higher systemic TNF expression associated with exacerbated TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 local production in patients with stents. This finding may contribute to a worse clinical outcome.

A rhodium-catalyzed alkylation reaction of indoles with N-Boc-imines has been developed via C-H activation to afford a series of substituted 2-indolyl-methanamine derivatives with good functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. A wide range of indole-based alkylation products could be obtained in up to 95% yield.

NiO thin films were deposited on Si and Corning 1737 glass substrates using radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering system. The physical properties of NiO films under different sputtering power were thoroughly studied. The XRD results indicated that as-prepared NiO films with the sputtering power above 100 W developed only (200) preferred orientation. The AFM results showed that the NiO films were composed of different-size NiO nano-grains and the grain size increased with increasing the sputtering power. The samples marked A-E under the sputtering power of 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 W have optical band gap values of 3.70, 3.65, 3.50, 3.45 and 3.44 eV, respectively. Comparatively, the controllable electrical properties of the films could be achieved by the variation of crystal quality arises from the sputtering power.

BACKGROUND: Heavy metals can cause great harm to Siberian tigers in the natural environment. Cadmium (Cd2+) is an environmental contaminant that affects multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. It has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types and tissues. RESULTS: We investigated the apoptotic effects of Cd2+ on Siberian tiger fibroblasts in vitro. Our research revealed the typical signs of apoptosis after Cd²+ exposure. Apoptosis was dose- (0-4.8 μΜ) and duration-dependent (12-48 h), and proliferation was strongly inhibited. Cd²+ increased the activity of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and disrupted calcium homeostasis by causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. It also increased K+ efflux and altered the mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, Fas, and p53. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Cd2+ triggers the apoptosis of Siberian tiger fibroblasts by disturbing intracellular homeostasis. These results will aid in our understanding of the effects of Cd2+ on Siberian tigers and in developing interventions to treat and prevent cadmium poisoning.

Abstract A solution procedure using the Green's function based finite element method (FEM) is presented for two-dimensional nonlinear steady-state seepage analysis with the presence of free surface in isotropic dams. In the present algorithm, an iteration strategy is designed to convert the over-specified free surface problem to a regular partial differential equation problem. Then, at each iteration step, the Green's function for isotropic linear seepage partial differential equation is employed to construct the element interior water head field, while the conventional shape functions are used for the independent element frame water head field. Then these two independent fields are connected by a double-variable hybrid functional to produce the final solving equation system. By means of the physical definition of Green's function, all two-dimensional element domain integrals in the present algorithm can reduce to one-dimensional element boundary integrals, so that versatile multi-node element is constructed to simplify mesh reconstruction during iteration. Finally, numerical results from the present Green's function based FEM with isotropic Green's function kernels are compared with other numerical results to verify and demonstrate the performance of the present method.

In this work, a low-cost and nitrogen-containing carbon with mesoporous pores and high surface area was synthesized by carbonizing a natural biomass precursor, i.e. beef. It is found that the prepared material has excellent textural properties such as high specific surface areas and large pore diameters. TEM images showed that the PtRuIr nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of carbonized beef (C-Beef). PtRuIr/C-Beef was highly active for methanol electro-oxidation. PtRuIr/C-Beef showed superior catalytic activity to PtRuIr/C, i.e. lower onset potential and higher oxidation current density. Cyclic voltammograms of CO electro-oxidation showed that PtRuIr/C-Beef catalyst was kinetically more active for CO electro-oxidation than PtRuIr deposited on conventional carbon support. The highly porous structure and low cost of carbonized beef can be widely used as support for highly dispersed metal nanoparticles to increase their electrochemical performance as electrocatalysts.